Construction of green hostels based on biologically renewable construction materials and natural economic media network

With growing demand for sustainable tourism, ecotourism is a fast-growing branch of the tourism industry, where the design and management of destinations must take into consideration the quality, originality, ecological compatibility, aesthetical properties, educational value, and the evaluation of the carrying capacity of destinations. In this study, we propose a new type of artificial tourist attractions within educative ecotourism, the green hostels constructed entirely of natural materials in harmony with the environment. The here presented model may be adapted to any type of natural environments. Our model of green hostels is based on biologically renewable construction materials and natural economic media network, may constitute a new tourist product in ecotourism. Apart from the presentation of the concept, the study sought answers to the following specific issues: (1) Identify the target group of the planned tourist offer and its needs and estimate the potential number of direct recipients of the project and (2) Demand analysis, based on needs research in terms of developing the tourist offer in a given area, based on which it is possible to indicate the demand for a specific type of tourist product

WYKORZYSTANIE PLATFORMY CDE WE WSPÓŁPRACY ZESPOŁOWEJ W BIM

In project processes, group collaboration and project documentation management are important aspects. In order for the cooperation of all project participants to be effective, it should be based first and foremost on adequate and effective communication. All project participants should use such solutions so that they can exchange, manage and combine information quickly and efficiently throughout the entire investment process, thus providing a complete picture of the situation. To this end, it is necessary to develop a catalogue of good practices supported by a variety of examples, as well as rules for group cooperation when using a CDE-type solution. The aim of this article was to show the advantages and benefits as well as the disadvantages and limitations in group collaboration when working on a single BIM model.W procesach projektowych ważny aspekt stanowi współpraca grupowa oraz zarządzanie dokumentacją projektową. Aby współpraca wszystkich uczestników projektu była efektywna, powinna opierać się przede wszystkim na odpowiedniej i efektywnej komunikacji. Wszyscy uczestnicy projektu powinni używać takich rozwiązań, aby przez cały proces inwestycyjny mogli szybko i sprawnie wymieniać się informacjami, zarządzać nimi i łączyć je ze sobą, dostarczając w ten sposób kompletny obraz danej sytuacji. W tym celu konieczne jest opracowanie katalogu dobrych praktyk podpartych różnorodnymi przykładami oraz zasad współpracy grupowej przy stosowaniu rozwiązań typu CDE. Celem artykułu było pokazanie zalet i korzyści oraz wad i ograniczeń we współpracy grupowej podczas pracy na jednym modelu BIM

Wild Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Do Not Play a Role as Vectors or Reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 in North-Eastern Poland

Several studies reported a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among white-tailed deer in North America. Monitoring cervids in all regions to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and circulation in other deer populations has been urged. To evaluate deer exposure and/or infection to/by SARS-CoV-2 in Poland, we sampled 90 red deer shot by hunters in five hunting districts in north-eastern Poland. Serum and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and then an immunofluorescent assay (IFA) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed as well as real-time PCR with reverse transcription for direct virus detection. No positive samples were detected. There is no evidence of spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from the human to deer population in Poland

Drive counts as a method of estimating ungulate density in forests: mission impossible?

Although drive counts are frequently used to estimate the size of deer populations in forests, little is known about how counting methods or the density and social organization of the deer species concerned influence the accuracy of the estimates obtained, and hence their suitability for informing management decisions. As these issues cannot readily be examined for real populations, we conducted a series of ‘virtual experiments’ in a computer simulation model to evaluate the effects of block size, proportion of forest counted, deer density, social aggregation and spatial auto-correlation on the accuracy of drive counts. Simulated populations of red and roe deer were generated on the basis of drive count data obtained from Polish commercial forests. For both deer species, count accuracy increased with increasing density, and decreased as the degree of aggregation, either demographic or spatial, within the population increased. However, the effect of density on accuracy was substantially greater than the effect of aggregation. Although improvements in accuracy could be made by reducing the size of counting blocks for low-density, aggregated populations, these were limited. Increasing the proportion of the forest counted led to greater improvements in accuracy, but the gains were limited compared with the increase in effort required. If it is necessary to estimate the deer population with a high degree of accuracy (e.g. within 10% of the true value), drive counts are likely to be inadequate whatever the deer density. However, if a lower level of accuracy (within 20% or more) is acceptable, our study suggests that at higher deer densities (more than ca. five to seven deer/100 ha) drive counts can provide reliable information on population size

Recommendations on the management of prostate cancer - a round table conference

Rak gruczołu krokowego jest jednym z najczęściej rozpoznawanych nowotworów u mężczyzn w wielu krajach Europy i w Ameryce Północnej. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się istotny wzrost liczby zachorowań, co w pierwszej kolejności można wiązać z wydłużeniem średniej długości życia i wprowadzeniem pod koniec lat 80. powszechnego oznaczania stężenia swoistego antygenu sterczowego (PSA) w surowicy. Podstawowymi metodami leczenia chorych na wczesnego raka gruczołu krokowego są zabieg chirurgiczny i radioterapia. U wybranych chorych o krótkim spodziewanym czasie przeżycia i niskim stopniu złośliwości histologicznej można rozważyć jedynie ścisłą obserwację. Leczenie chorych na zaawansowanego raka gruczołu krokowego polega na zmniejszeniu wpływu stymulującego działania androgenów na komórki raka w wyniku tak zwanej ablacji androgenowej. Pozwala ona na osiągnięcie poprawy subiektywnej, obniżenie stężenia PSA w surowicy oraz obiektywną regresję nowotworu (guza pierwotnego i/lub przerzutów w tkankach miękkich) u około 80% chorych. Wysoka zachorowalność na raka gruczołu krokowego i wciąż niezadowalające wyniki leczenia tego nowotworu stały się przyczyną potrzeby sformułowania jednolitych zasad postępowania diagnostyczno- -terapeutycznego opartego na dowodach o charakterze naukowym i wykorzystującego możliwość ścisłej współpracy lekarzy urologów oraz onkologów. Przedstawione w obecnym opracowaniu zalecenia stanowią wspólne stanowisko grupy ekspertów w dziedzinie urologii, onkologii i patomorfologii, które przyjęto podczas spotkania okrągłego stołu oraz uaktualniono na podstawie późniejszych doniesień.Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies in most European countries and the US. A significant increase in the number of new cases has been observed over the last years, most probably due to increase in the life span and introduction of PSA in the 1980s. Two main treatment modalities of early prostate cancer are surgery and radiotherapy. In selected patients with short life expectancy and low histological grade of the tumor, watchful waiting is acceptable. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer is based on inhibition of stimulatory effect of androgens on prostate cancer cells. Androgen ablation allows for subjective improvement, PSA decrease and objective tumor regression in 80% of patients. High incidence of prostate cancer and unsatisfactory results of its treatment created a demand for uniform, evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. Recommendations presented in this paper were prepared during a round table meeting of experts in urology, oncology and pathology, and updated with most current literature data

Challenges and science-based implications for modern management and conservation of European ungulate populations

Wildlife management systems face growing challenges to cope with increasingly complex interactions between wildlife populations, the environment and human activities. In this position statement, we address the most important issues characterising current ungulate conservation and management in Europe. We present some key points arising from ecological research that may be critical for a reassessment of ungulate management in the future. Ecosystem . Population sustainability . Science-basedmanagement .Wildlifemanagement .Adaptive managemen